Most of your time would imply more than half, the most time implies more than the. Most is defined by the attributes you apply to it. Most is what is called a determiner.
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A determiner is a word, such as a number, article, personal pronoun, that determines (limits) the meaning of a noun. Why is most of history correct in the above sentence? During most of history, humans were too busy to think about thought.
I've recently come across a novel called a most wanted man, after which being curious i found a tv episode called a most unusual camera.